Additional+Readings+&+Resources

=Additonal Readings & Resources=

Problem-based Learning
>>>> A woman with type AB blood gave birth to a child with blood type O. A second type-O child was born six years later. [Nature 277:210-211.] This case appears to contradict Mendelian inhertiance, which the students will be obliged to thorougly review, but it also demands that they make a rigorous examination of meiosis, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development in order to propose some credible explanatory mechanisms.
 * I've moved some good candiates to the Scenarios page. The Are We Twins, Too? Seems very promising.
 * Problem-based Learning in Biology - []
 * The DENT method seems like something that could usefully be introduced to our Grade 12 biology class.
 * A possible scenario from this site:
 * //(3) **A Case of Puzzling Parenthood (this one actually seems pretty complex)!** //

Mendelian Genetics

 * Students will need to learn basic Mendelian genetics in order to solve the scenario & meet learning objectives. Some of the key concepts to learn:
 * Students should gain some historical knowledge of who Mendel was, his basic studies, & why his work was important
 * Terms to know - any suggestions for a good to get students to understand/learn these terms & demonstrate their knowledge?:
 * phenotype (appearance, or expression of a trait) & genotype (the genetic makeup of a trait)
 * homozygous (both alleles are the same, e.g. BB) & heterozygous (the alleles are different Bb)
 * monohybrid (a cross involving a single trait, e.g. Brown vs blue eyes) & dihybrid (a cross involving 2 traits; e.g hair and eye colour)
 * dominant & recessive
 * Names of the generations - P (parent; always homozygous); F1 (1st generation); F2 (2nd generation)
 * Punnett Square
 * Slightly more advanced concepts
 * Complete, incomplete, & co-dominance
 * sex-linked traits
 * Laws
 * Law of segregation
 * Law of independent assortment
 * Students should be able to do:
 * Use a Punnett Square to complete monohybrid & dihybrid crosses to determine phenotypic & genotypic ratios
 * Some good sites with notes, self-tests, tutorials on Mendelian Genetics:
 * Monohybrid cross - [] - a good self-test; if students get an answer incorrect a tutorial opens up to help with that question.
 * Dihybrid cross - []

Chromosomes & Meiosis

 * If we decide to expand to delve more into chromosomes and possibly meiosis, there would be additional basic knowledge
 * Terms to know
 * mitosis - Cells Alive! - []
 * meiosis
 * Cells Alive! - []
 * meiosis tutorial - The Biology Project - []
 * haploid (n) and diploid (2n)
 * chromosome
 * homologous & nonhomologous
 * allele
 * gene
 * autosome
 * karyotype - Make a karyotype activity - []

Misc
 * Learn Genetics - []
 * Tour the Basics link has some very good stuff and could be useful as an introduction to new material or review of previous knowledge. The Heredity & Traits section The What Is a Trait tour, for example, defines terms such as allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, incomplete dominance

Simulations
Some simulations, online experiements, etc. that we may want to consider using. Some may have special technical requirements; it would be worth noting this.


 * Enlivening Genetics Education - [](requires Shockwave player)
 * Mendel's Experiments, punnett square, meiosis, & other genetic topics
 * Animations (no voice-over); allows students to perform various crosses, other experiments
 * I'd rate at fair to good, but not an excellent resource, but would nicely supplement reading